1. Body language
This is the language horses understand best. It’s how they communicate with each other. I’m always very aware of my body language and I make sure I use it to give clear cues.
2. Voice
Many people underestimate the value of voice commands. Horses are very good at remembering sounds and distinguishing between them. You help your horse a lot when you use clear voice commands.
3. Contact
My very last resort is contact, be it a light touch or a rein aid. The contact should never be painful for the horse and should always serve only to better convey the idea to the horse.